We conducted a population-based, matched cohort study on patients with TGA to establish the long-term risk of cerebrovascular events, seizures, and cognitive impairment.Ī list of all patients with a potential diagnosis of TGA among residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, occurring from January 1, 1985, through December 31, 2010, was obtained using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project 31 database. 25- 30 Long-term risk was assessed in one study with an average follow-up of 82.2 months, showing no difference in the incidence of dementia (2.9%) compared with general population. 21- 24 Other investigators have found memory and visuoperceptual dysfunction. Complete recovery of cognitive function has been reported 5 days to 6 months after the episode. The long-term risk of cognitive decline has not been sufficiently evaluated. Studies that have suggested a higher risk of seizures concluded that at least some of the patients could have had a seizure mimicking TGA, as suggested by abnormal interictal electroencephalograms (EEGs). 13, 16, 19, 20 Data on the risk of seizures after TGA are inconsistent. Acquiring information is necessary to enhance clinical practice.Īvailable data suggest that TGA does not put patients at a higher risk of cerebrovascular events, myocardial infarction, or peripheral artery disease. 13, 16- 19 Available studies about the long-term outcome are few and limited in scope. The recurrence rate of TGA has been estimated to be between 2.9% and 23.8%. 8- 11 Others include arterial ischemia, 12 migraine-, 5, 13, 14 and epilepsy-related. The leading hypothesis on the pathogenesis of TGA is abnormal venous drainage of the temporal lobes caused by increased intrathoracic pressure resulting in jugular hypertension. 1- 4 It has an annual incidence of 3.4 to 10.4 per 100,000 people. Transient global amnesia (TGA) is characterized by the sudden onset of anterograde amnesia, generally lasting up to 24 hours.
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